Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air

Parties with reservations, declarations and objections

Party	Reservations / Declarations	Objections
Argentina	Yes	No
Austria	Yes	No
Azerbaijan	Yes	No
Belgium	Yes	No
Brunei	Yes	No
Canada	Yes	No
Chile	Yes	No
China	Yes	No
Czech Republic	Yes	No
Denmark	Yes	No
EU (European Union)	Yes	No
Finland	Yes	No
France	Yes	No
Germany	Yes	No
Greece	Yes	No
Guatemala	Yes	No
Ireland	Yes	No
Israel	Yes	No
Italy	Yes	No
Japan	Yes	No
Lithuania	Yes	No
Luxembourg	Yes	No
Malaysia	Yes	No
Montenegro	Yes	No
Nepal	Yes	No
Netherlands, the Kingdom of the	Yes	No
New Zealand	Yes	No
Philippines	Yes	No
Portugal	Yes	No
Qatar	Yes	No
Russian Federation	Yes	No
Singapore	Yes	No
Spain	Yes	No
Sri Lanka	Yes	No
Sweden	Yes	No
Thailand	Yes	No
Togo	Yes	No
Türkiye	Yes	No
United Kingdom	Yes	No
United States of America	Yes	No
Vietnam	Yes	No

Argentina

16-12-2009

The instrument of accession by Argentina contains the following "interpretative declaration": "For the Argentine Republic, the term "bodily injury" in Article 17 of this treaty includes mental injury related to bodily injury, or any other mental injury which affects the passenger’s health in such a serious and harmful way that his or her ability to perform everyday tasks is significantly impaired."

Austria

29-04-2004

The Republic of Austria declares according to Article 57 of the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air of 28 May 1999 that this Convention shall not apply to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the Republic of Austria for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State;
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for the military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by the Republic of Austria, the whole capacity of which has been reserved on behalf of such authorities.

Azerbaijan

10-02-2015

The Republic of Azerbaijan, in accordance with Article 57 of the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, done at Montreal on May 28, 1999, declares that the provisions of the Convention shall not apply to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the Republic of Azerbaijan for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State; and
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by the Republic of Azerbaijan, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities

Belgium

28-05-1999

Upon signature of the Convention, this State, Member State of the European Community, declared that, "in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, the Community has competence to take actions in certain matters governed by the Convention."

15-07-2004

By a Note dated 15 July 2004 from the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Belgium transmitted to ICAO the following declaration in accordance with Article 57:
the Convention does not apply to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by Belgium for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State;
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by Belgium, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities.

Brunei

18-03-2020

In accordance with Article 57, the Convention shall not apply to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the Government of Brunei Darussalam for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State; and
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by the Government of Brunei Darussalam, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities

Canada

19-11-2002

Canada declares, in accordance with Article 57 of the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, done at Montreal on 28 May 1999 and signed by Canada on 1 October 2001, that the Convention does not apply to the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by Canada, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities [Article 57(b)].

Chile

19-03-2009

The instrument of ratification by Chile contains the following reservation in accordance with Article 57 (b): "The Republic of Chile declares that the Convention shall not apply to the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by that State Party, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities."

China

01-06-2005

The Convention does not apply in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China until notified otherwise by the Government of the People's Republic of China.
The Convention applies in the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.

20-10-2006

Article 153 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC provides that the application to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC of international agreements to which the PRC is or becomes a party shall be decided by the Central People’s Government in accordance with the circumstances and needs of the Region and after seeking the views of the Government of the Region. In consultation with the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Government of the PRC has decided to apply the Convention in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC from the date of December 15, 2006.

Czech Republic

16-11-2000

Upon deposit of its instrument of ratification, the Czech Republic notified ICAO that "as a Member of the International Monetary Fund, [the Czech Republic] shall proceed in accordance with Article 23, paragraph 1 of the Convention."

Denmark

28-05-1999

29-04-2004

The instrument of ratification by Denmark contains a declaration that until later decision, the Convention will not be applied to the Faroe Islands.

EU (European Union)

29-04-2004

Declaration concerning the competence of the European Community with regard to matters governed by the Convention of 28 May 1999 for the unification of certain rules for international carriage by air (the Montreal Convention):
1. The Montreal Convention provides that Regional Economic Integration Organisations constituted by sovereign States of a given region, which have competence in respect of certain matters governed by this Convention, may become parties to it.
2. The current Member States of the European Community are the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, Ireland, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Austria, the Portuguese Republic, the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
3. This declaration is not applicable to the territories of the Member States in which the Treaty establishing the European Community does not apply and is without prejudice to such acts or positions as may be adopted under the Convention by the Member States concerned on behalf of and in the interests of those territories.
4. In respect of matters covered by the Convention, the Member States of the European Community have transferred competence to the Community for liability for damage sustained in case of death or injury of passenger. The Member States have also transferred competence for liability for damage caused by delay and in the case of destruction, loss, damage or delay in the carriage of baggage. This includes requirements on passenger information and a minimum insurance requirement. Hence, in this field, it is for the Community to adopt the relevant rules and regulations (which the Member States enforce) and within its competence to enter into external undertakings with third States or competent organisations.
5. The exercise of competence which the Member States have transferred to the Community pursuant to the EC Treaty is, by its nature, liable to continuous development. In the framework of the Treaty, the competent institutions may take decisions which determine the extent of the competence of the European Community. The European Community therefore reserves the right to amend the present declaration accordingly, without this constituting a prerequisite for the exercise of its competence with regard to matters governed by the Montreal Convention.

31-01-2020

Annex to the Note Verbale [to ICAO] on the Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community.
1. On 29 March 2017, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the “United Kingdom”) notified the European Council of the United Kingdom’s intention to withdraw from the European Union (“Union”) and the European Atomic Energy Community (“Euratom”) in accordance with Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union. On 22 March 2019, the European Council decided in agreement with the United Kingdom to extend the period provided for in Article 50(3) of the Treaty on European Union until 12 April 2019. On 10 April 2019, the European Council decided in agreement with the United Kingdom to extend the period provided for in Article 50(3) of the Treaty on European Unon until 31 October 2019. On 29 October 2019, the European Council decided in agreement with the United Kingdom to extend the period provided for in Article 50(3) of the Treaty on European Union until 31 January 2020. The United Kingdom will therefore cease to be a Member State of the European Union and of Euratom on 1 February 2020.
2. On 24 January 2020, the Union and Euratom, and the United Kingdom, in accordance with Article 50, paragraph 2, of the Treaty on European Union, signed an Agreement setting out the arrangements for the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and Euratom (“Withdrawal Agreement”). The Withdrawal Agreement will enter into force on 1 February 2020, subject to its prior ratification by the United Kingdom and conclusion by the Union and Euratom.
3. In order to address the specific situation of the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and Euratom, the Withdrawal Agreement provides for a time-limited transition period during which, save certain very limited exceptions, Union law shall be applicable to and in the United Kingdom and that any reference to Member States in Union law, including as implemented and applied by Member States, shall be understood as including the United Kingdom.
4. The Union and Euratom, and the United Kingdom have agreed that Union law within the meaning of the Withdrawal Agreement encompasses international agreements concluded by the Union (or Euratom), or by Member States acting on behalf of the Union (or Euratom), or by the Union (or Euratom) and its Member States jointly.
5. Subject to timely ratification and conclusion of the Withdrawal Agreement, the Union and Euratom notify parties to the international agreements referred to in point 4 above that, during the transition period, the United Kingdom is treated as a Member State of the Union and of Euratom for the purposes of these international agreements.
6. It is understood that the principles set out in this Annex also extend to international instruments and arrangements without legally binding force entered into by the Union or Euratom and to international agreements referred to in point 4 above which are provisionally applied.
7. The provisions relating to the transition period are laid down in Part Four (Articles 126 to 132) of the Withdrawal Agreement, to be read in conjunction with the other relevant provisions of the Withdrawal Agreement, in particular its Part One.
8. The transition period starts on 1 February 2020 and ends on 31 December 2020, but the Withdrawal Agreement foresees the possibility of adopting a single decision extending the transition period for up to 24 months. In the event of an extension, the Union and Euratom will communicate this by a further Note Verbale.
9. At the end of the transition period, the United Kingdom will no longer be covered by the international agreements referred to in points 4 and 6 above. This is without prejudice to the status of the United Kingdom in relation to multilateral agreements to which it is a party in its own right.

Finland

13-07-2000

By a note dated 13 July 2000, Finland transmitted a declaration dated 7 July 2000 signed by the Minister for Foreign Trade, setting forth the wording: in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, the Community has competence to take actions in certain matters governed by the Convention.

France

28-05-1999

Germany

28-05-1999

29-04-2004

In accordance with Article 57 of the Convention of for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air of 28 May 1999, the Federal Republic of Germany declares that the Convention shall not apply to international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the Federal Republic of Germany for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State or to the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for the military authorities of the Federal Republic of Germany on aircraft registered in or leased by the Federal Republic of Germany, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities.

Greece

28-05-1999

Guatemala

07-06-2016

The Republic of Guatemala states that the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, done in Montreal on 28 May 1999, shall not apply to international air transport operations conducted directly by the State of Guatemala for non-commercial purposes relating to its functions and obligations as a sovereign State, nor to the carriage of persons, cargo or equipment for its military command on aircraft registered in or leased by the State of Guatemala, the full capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of said military command.
[…] to calculate the value of its national currency in Special Drawing Rights, the Republic of Guatemala, as a member of the International Monetary Fund, shall adhere to the provisions set forth in the third sentence of Article 23(1) of the Convention.

Ireland

16-08-2000

Israel

19-01-2011

The instrument of accession by Israel contains the following declaration in accordance with Article 57: "The Convention shall not apply to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the State of Israel for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State; and/or
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by the State of Israel, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities."

Italy

28-05-1999

Japan

24-10-2003

[…] in accordance with Article 57(a) of the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, done at Montreal on 28 May 1999, the Government of Japan declares that this Convention shall not apply to international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the Government of Japan for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State.

Lithuania

30-11-2004

[...] in accordance with Article 57, the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania declares that this Convention shall not apply to international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the Republic of Lithuania for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State; and also shall not apply to the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by the Republic of Lithuania, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities.
[...] in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania declares that the Community has competence to take actions in certain matters governed by the Convention.

Luxembourg

03-10-2000

The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Member State of the European Community, declares that in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, the Community has competence to take actions in certain matters governed by the Convention.

Malaysia

31-12-2007

The instrument of accession by Malaysia is accompanied by the following reservation: "Malaysia, in accordance with Article 57 (b) of the Montreal Convention, declares that the Convention shall not
apply to the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by Malaysia, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities."

Montenegro

15-01-2010

The instrument of accession by Montenegro contains the following reservation in accordance with Article 57: "this Convention shall not apply to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by Montenegro for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State;
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by Montenegro, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities."

Nepal

16-10-2018

The instrument of accession by Nepal contains the following declaration in accordance with Article 57:
the Convention shall not apply to:
a) International carriage by air performed and operated directly by the Government of Nepal for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State; and/or
b) The carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by the Government of Nepal, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities.

Netherlands, the Kingdom of the

29-04-2004

The Kingdom of the Netherlands, Member State of the European Community, declares that in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, the Community has competence to take actions in certain matters governed by the Convention.

New Zealand

18-11-2002

Upon deposit of its instrument of accession (deemed to be an instrument of ratification), New Zealand declared that this accession shall extend to Tokelau.

Philippines

19-10-2015

The instrument of accession by the Philippines contains the following declaration in accordance with Article 57: "the Convention shall not apply to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the Philippines for non-commercial purposes in respect of its functions and duties as a sovereign State; and
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by the Philippines, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities."

Portugal

28-05-1999

Qatar

15-11-2004

In its instrument of accession, Qatar confirmed the application of the following declaration in accordance with Article 57:
"the Convention does not apply to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by that State Party for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State, and/or
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by that State Party, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities."

Russian Federation

22-06-2017

The instrument of accession by the Russian Federation contains the following declaration in accordance with Article 57:
The Russian Federation declares, pursuant to Article 57 of the Convention, that it retains the right not to apply the provisions of the Convention with respect to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the Russian Federation for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State;
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by the Russian Federation, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities.

Singapore

17-09-2007

The instrument of accession by Singapore contains the following declaration in accordance with Article 57: "the Convention shall not apply to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the Republic of Singapore for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State; and
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased
by the Republic of Singapore, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such
authorities."

Spain

29-04-2004

The Kingdom of Spain, Member State of the European Community, declares that in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, the Community has competence to take actions in certain matters governed by the Convention.
In accordance with the provisions of Article 57, the Convention shall not apply to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by Spain for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State;
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by Spain, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities.

Sri Lanka

19-11-2018

Sri Lanka declared that the terms have been examined and found to be acceptable to the Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka subject to reservations declared below as per Article 57 of the Convention:
(a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by that State Party for non –commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State; and/or
(b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by that State Party, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities.

Sweden

27-08-1999

Thailand

03-08-2017

The instrument of accession by Thailand contains the following declaration in accordance with Article 57:
“the Convention shall not apply to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the Kingdom of Thailand for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State; and
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by the Kingdom of Thailand, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities.”

Togo

27-09-2016

The instrument of ratification by the Togolese Republic contains the following declaration in accordance with Article 57: the Convention shall not apply to:
a) international carriage by air performed and operated directly by Togo for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State; and
b) the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for the Togolese military authorities on aircraft registered in Togo or leased by Togo, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities.

Türkiye

25-01-2011

The instrument of ratification by Turkey contains the following declaration in accordance with Article 57:
“The said Convention shall not apply to international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the
Republic of Turkey for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a Sovereign State and
to the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for Turkish military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased
by the Republic of Turkey, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities.”

United Kingdom

28-05-1999

United States of America

05-09-2003

Pursuant to Article 57 of the Convention, the United States of America declares that the Convention shall not apply to international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the United States of America for non-commercial purposes in respect to the functions and duties of the United States of America as a sovereign State.

Vietnam

27-09-2018

The instrument of accession by Viet Nam contains the following declaration in accordance with Article 57: the Convention shall not apply to:
a. international carriage by air performed and operated directly by the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam for non-commercial purposes in respect to its functions and duties as a sovereign State; and/or
b. the carriage of persons, cargo and baggage for its military authorities on aircraft registered in or leased by the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, the whole capacity of which has been reserved by or on behalf of such authorities.

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