Verdrag inzake de beginselen waaraan de activiteiten van Staten zijn onderworpen bij het onderzoek en gebruik van de kosmische ruimte, met inbegrip van de maan en andere hemellichamen

Partij

Maleisië gewijzigd

• Ratificatie: 21-10-2025 (R)
• In werking: 21-10-2025

Partij

Colombia gewijzigd

• toegevoegd voorbehoud
  15-04-2024
  The instrument of ratification includes a statement, referred to as an "interpretative declaration", an official Department of State English translation of which reads as follows: The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.

  toegevoegd bezwaar op voorbehoud

  Bezwaar Mexico, 05-11-2025

  The Mexican State carefully examined the interpretative declaration submitted by Colombia, which specifies the following: "The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights." The Government of Mexico considers that this declaration runs against the object and purpose of the Outer Space Treaty and, in particular, to its Article II, which provides: "Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means." The Mexican State considers that the geostationary orbit is part of outer space and therefore cannot be subject to national appropriation, in accordance with Article II of the Outer Space Treaty. For this reason, the Government of Mexico considers that the interpretative declaration of the Republic of Colombia produces no legal consequences and does not modify the obligations of the Republic of Colombia arising from the Outer Space Treaty, in particular from Article II. This does not constitute an obstacle to the entry into force of the Outer Space Treaty between the United Mexican States and the Republic of Colombia.

Partij

Colombia gewijzigd

• toegevoegd voorbehoud
  15-04-2024
  The instrument of ratification includes a statement, referred to as an "interpretative declaration", an official Department of State English translation of which reads as follows: The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.

  toegevoegd bezwaar op voorbehoud

  Bezwaar Japan, 09-07-2025

  The Government of Japan has carefully examined the statement referred to as an ‘interpretative declaration’ submitted by the Republic of Colombia upon ratification of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (Outer Space Treaty). The Government of Japan considers that this ‘interpretative declaration’ purports to modify the legal obligations of the Republic of Colombia under Article II of the Outer Space Treaty and therefore such declaration constitutes a reservation which is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Outer Space Treaty. Hence, the Government of Japan objects to the aforementioned reservation. This objection should not preclude the entry into force of the Outer Space Treaty between Japan and the Republic of Colombia.

Partij

Colombia gewijzigd

• toegevoegd voorbehoud
  15-04-2024
  The instrument of ratification includes a statement, referred to as an "interpretative declaration", an official Department of State English translation of which reads as follows: The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.

  toegevoegd bezwaar op voorbehoud

  Bezwaar Russische Federatie, 12-05-2025

  The Russian Federation has carefully examined the statement entitled ‘interpretative declaration’ accompanying the instrument of ratification of the Republic of Colombia. It reads as follows: ‘The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.’ The Russian Federation considers that the geostationary orbit is part of outer space, which means the provisions of the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 are applicable to its use, in particular Article II, pursuant to which outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means. The Russian Federation considers in this connection that this ‘interpretative declaration’ by the Republic of Colombia has no legal effect with regard to the Republic of Colombia and does not modify the legal obligations of the Republic of Colombia arising from the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, in particular from Article II.

Letland toegevoegd

• Ratificatie: 23-05-2025 (T)
• In werking: 23-05-2025
• Voorbehoud / verklaring: Nee
• Bezwaren: Nee

Partij

Colombia gewijzigd

• toegevoegd voorbehoud
  15-04-2024
  The instrument of ratification includes a statement, referred to as an "interpretative declaration", an official Department of State English translation of which reads as follows: The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.

  toegevoegd bezwaar op voorbehoud

  Bezwaar Verenigde Staten van Amerika, 08-04-2025

  The Government of the United States of America has carefully examined the statement, referred to as an 'interpretative declaration', submitted by the Republic of Colombia on March 21, 2024, with its instrument of ratification of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies, done at Washington, London and Moscow January 27, 1967 (hereinafter Outer Space Treaty). An official United States Department of State English translation of this declaration reads as follows: 'The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.' The Government of the United States considers that this declaration purports to modify the legal obligations of the Republic of Colombia under Article II of the Outer Space Treaty, which provides: 'Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means. The Government of the United States therefore considers this declaration to be a reservation to Article II of the Outer Space Treaty. The Government of the United States further considers that this reservation is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Outer Space Treaty. On these grounds, the Government of the United States objects to the aforementioned reservation. The objection of the Government of the United States set forth above to the Republic of Colombia's reservation shall not preclude the entry into force of the Outer Space Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of Colombia.

Partij

Colombia gewijzigd

• toegevoegd voorbehoud
  15-04-2024
  The instrument of ratification includes a statement, referred to as an "interpretative declaration", an official Department of State English translation of which reads as follows: The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.

  toegevoegd bezwaar op voorbehoud

  Bezwaar Nederlanden, het Koninkrijk der, 17-03-2025

  . . . [T]he Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands has carefully examined the interpretative declaration made by the Republic of Colombia on 21 March 2024 upon ratification of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies (the "Treaty"). The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands considers that the declaration made by the Republic of Colombia constitutes a reservation limiting the scope of the provisions of the Treaty, by applying these provisions only in conformity with the national legislation of the Republic of Colombia. The declaration, which consists of a territorial claim over a portion of outer space, purports to exclude or modify the legal effect of Article II of the Treaty and therefore constitutes a reservation to Article II of the Treaty. The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands notes that the reservation made by the Republic of Colombia relates to an essential provision of the Treaty and aims to exclude the obligation under that provision. The reservation is therefore incompatible with the Treaty’s object and purpose. The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands recalls that, according to customary international law as codified in article 19 (c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, reservations incompatible with the object and purpose of a treaty are not permissible. Washington, April 7, 2025 The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands therefore objects to the reservation made by the Republic of Colombia to the Treaty and does not consider itself bound by the interpretative declaration made by the Republic of Colombia. This objection shall not preclude the entry into force of the Treaty between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Colombia.

  Bezwaar Verenigd Koninkrijk, 18-03-2025

  The United Kingdom has carefully examined the statement referred to as an 'interpretative declaration', submitted by the Republic of Colombia upon ratification of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies (the 'Outer Space Treaty'), which stated that: 'The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.' The United Kingdom considers that this 'interpretative declaration' has no effect with regard to the legal obligations of the Republic of Colombia under the provisions of the Outer Space Treaty, and in particular Article II of the Treaty, which provides that: 'Outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or by any other means.' The United Kingdom considers that this 'interpretative declaration' is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Outer Space Treaty. This present declaration shall not preclude the entry into force of the Outer Space Treaty as between [the] United Kingdom and Colombia.

  Bezwaar Zweden, 19-03-2025

  The Government of Sweden has examined the interpretative declaration made by the Republic of Colombia upon depositing its instrument of ratification (Depository Notification of 15 April 2024, Notification Reference No. 2024-018) of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies (Outer Space Treaty). The Government of Sweden considers that the aforementioned interpretative declaration in fact amounts to a reservation. Furthermore, the Government of Sweden finds that the reservation made by the Republic of Colombia is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Outer Space Treaty. For this reason, the Government of Sweden objects to the aforementioned reservation. This objection does not preclude the entry into force of the Outer Space Treaty between Sweden and the Republic of Colombia, without the Republic of Colombia benefitting from its reservation.

Partij

Colombia gewijzigd

• Bezwaren: Ja

• toegevoegd voorbehoud
  15-04-2024
  The instrument of ratification includes a statement, referred to as an "interpretative declaration", an official Department of State English translation of which reads as follows: The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.

  toegevoegd bezwaar op voorbehoud

  Bezwaar Canada, 11-02-2025

  The Government of Canada has carefully examined the interpretative declaration made by the Republic of Colombia upon ratification of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies (the “Treaty”), which declared that: The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights. A declaration or statement that purports to exclude or modify the legal effect of the provisions of the Treaty in their application to the State making it constitutes a reservation within the meaning of Article 2(1)(d) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The Government of Canada considers that the above-mentioned declaration made by the Republic of Colombia, which consists of a territorial claim over a portion of outer space, purports to exclude or modify the legal effect of Article II of the Treaty and therefore constitutes, in reality, a reservation to Article II of the Treaty. The Government of Canada notes that the reservation made by the Republic of Colombia relates to an essential provision of the Treaty, aims to exclude the obligation under that provision, and is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Treaty. The reservation made by the Republic of Colombia is, thus, inadmissible under article 19(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The Government of Canada therefore objects to the aforesaid reservation made by the Republic of Colombia and declares that it does not consider itself bound by the declaration made by the Republic of Colombia. This objection does not preclude the entry into force in its entirety of the Treaty between Canada and the Republic of Colombia.

  Bezwaar Duitsland, 27-01-2025

  The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany has carefully examined the statement, referred to as an ‘interpretative declaration’, submitted by the Republic of Colombia upon deposition of its instrument of ratification of the Outer Space Treaty, reading: The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.’ The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany considers that this ‘interpretative declaration’ has no effect with regard to the legal obligations of the Republic of Colombia resulting from the provisions of the Outer Space Treaty, in particular its Art. II, which states that ‘outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means.’ The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany considers that the ‘interpretative declaration’ is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Outer Space Treaty. This declaration shall not preclude the entry into force of the Outer Space Treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Colombia.

  Bezwaar Frankrijk, 31-01-2025

  The Government of France has carefully considered the statement, referred to as an ‘interpretative declaration’, submitted by the Republic of Colombia upon deposition of its instrument of ratification of the Outer Space Treaty, reading: ‘The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights. The Government of France considers that this ‘interpretative declaration’ has no effect with regard to the legal obligations of the Republic of Col[o]mbia resulting from the provisions of the Outer Space Treaty, in particular its Art. II, which states that ‘[o]uter space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means. The Government of France considers that the ‘interpretative declaration’ is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Outer Space Treaty. This declaration shall not preclude the entry into force of the Outer Space Treaty between [the] French Republic and the Republic of Colombia. The same notification has been made to the United Kingdom on 27 January 2025 and will be made to the Federation of Russia, as depositories of the Outer Space Treaty.

Partij

Colombia gewijzigd

• Voorbehoud / verklaring: Ja

• toegevoegd voorbehoud
  15-04-2024
  The instrument of ratification includes a statement, referred to as an "interpretative declaration", an official Department of State English translation of which reads as follows: The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.

Partij

Oezbekistan toegevoegd

• Ratificatie: 17-10-2024 (T)
• In werking: 17-10-2024
• Voorbehoud / verklaring: Nee
• Bezwaren: Nee

Partij

Colombia gewijzigd

• Ratificatie: 21-03-2024 (R)